Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and
information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility
(like the electricity grid) over a network (typically the Internet).
Cloud computing provides computation, software
applications, data access,data management and storage resources without
requiring cloud users to know the location and other details of the computing
infrastructure.
End users access cloud based applications through a web browser or a light weight desktop or mobile app while the business software and data are stored on servers
at a remote location. Cloud application providers strive to give the same or
better service and performance as if the software programs were installed
locally on end-user computers.
Cloud computing shares characteristics with:
·
Client–server model — Client–server computing refers broadly to any distributed application that distinguishes between service providers
(servers) and service requesters (clients).
·
Grid computing — "A form of distributed and parallel computing, whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is
composed of a cluster of networked, loosely
coupled computers
acting in concert to perform very large tasks."
·
Mainframe computer — Powerful computers used mainly by large
organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as
census,
industry and consumer statistics, police and secret intelligence services, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction
processing.
·
Utility computing — The "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered
service similar to a traditional public utility, such as electricity."
·
Service
Models
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS),
Platform as
a service (PaaS),
Software as
a service (SaaS)
Where IaaS
is the most basic and each higher model abstracts from the details of the lower
models.
Infrastructure
as a Service (IaaS)
In this most basic cloud service model, cloud
providers offer computers – as physical or more often as virtual machines –, raw (block) storage, firewalls, load balancers, and networks. IaaS providers supply these
resources on demand from their large pools installed in data centers. Local area networks including IP addresses are part of the offer. For
the wide area connectivity, the Internet can be used or - in carrier clouds - dedicated virtual
private networks can be
configured.
To deploy their applications, cloud users then
install operating system images on the machines as well as their application
software. In this model, it is the cloud user who is responsible for patching
and maintaining the operating systems and application software. Cloud providers
typically bill IaaS services on a utility
computing basis, that is,
cost will reflect the amount of resources allocated and consumed.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
In the PaaS model, cloud providers deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack typically
including operating system, programming language execution environment,
database, and web server. Application developers can develop and run their
software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity of
buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. With some PaaS
offers, the underlying compute and storage resources scale automatically to
match application demand such that the cloud user does not have to allocate
resources manually.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
In this model, cloud providers install and operate application software
in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. The cloud
users do not manage the cloud infrastructure and platform on which the
application is running. This eliminates the need to install and run the
application on the cloud user's own computers simplifying maintenance and
support. What makes a cloud application different from other applications is
its elasticity. This can
be achieved by cloning tasks onto multiple virtual machines at
run-time to meet the changing work demand. Load balancers distribute
the work over the set of virtual machines. This process is transparent to the
cloud user who sees only a single access point. It is common to refer to
special types of cloud based application software with a similar naming
convention: desktop
as a service, business process as a service, Test
Environment as a Service, communication as
a service.
Cloud
clients
Users access cloud computing using networked client
devices, such as desktop
computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones. Some of these
devices - cloud clients - rely on cloud computing for all or a majority of
their applications so as to be essentially useless without it. Examples are thin clients and the browser-based
Chromebook. Many cloud
applications do not require specific software on the client and instead use a web browser to interact
with the cloud application. With Ajax and HTML5 these Web user interfaces
can achieve a similar or even better look and feel as native
applications. Some cloud applications, however, support specific client
software dedicated to these applications (e.g., virtual desktop
clients and most email clients). Some legacy applications (line of business
applications that until now have been prevalent in thin client Windows
computing) are delivered via a screen-sharing technology.
Deployment models
Cloud
computing types
Public cloud
Applications, storage, and other resources are made
available to the general public by a service provider. Public cloud services
may be free or offered on a pay-per-usage model.
There are
limited services providers like
Microsoft
Google etc
Owns all
Infrastructure at their Data Center and the access will be through Internet
mode only. No direct connectivity proposed in Public Cloud Architecture.
Community cloud
Community cloud shares infrastructure between
several organizations from a specific community with common concerns (security,
compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party
and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than
a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the cost
savings potential of cloud computing are realized.
Hybrid cloud
Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds
(private, community or public) that remain unique entities but are bound
together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models.
Private cloud
Private cloud is infrastructure operated solely for
a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and
hosted internally or externally.
They have attracted criticism because users
"still have to buy, build, and manage them" and thus do not benefit
from less hands-on management, essentially
"[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud computing such an
intriguing concept".
Private Cloud Rentals
Private Cloud Rentals are a cost effective option
to consider when security is a concern. Companies might consider the Hybrid
Cloud model when replacing obsolete data center equipment. When moving
critically important company private data off site to a Public Cloud is not an
option, renting a modular data center can be considered. Using Virtual Machine
concepts, the running applications can be moved from the existing data center
to the leased equipment without any disruption to customers. The obsolete data
center equipment can be removed and replaced with new hardware and then the
applications can be moved from the leased equipment onto the new hardware. The
leased equipment can then be returned. Optional, the equipment can be kept on
site as a backup or powered down when it is not needed, then powered up and
used when demand increases.
Cloud computing
security
As cloud computing is achieving increased
popularity, concerns are being voiced about the security issues introduced
through adoption of this new model. The effectiveness and efficiency of
traditional protection mechanisms are being reconsidered as the characteristics
of this innovative deployment model can differ widely from those of traditional
architectures. An alternative perspective on the topic of
cloud security is that this is but another, although quite broad, case of
"applied security" and that similar security principles that apply in
shared multi-user mainframe security models apply with cloud security.
The relative security of cloud computing services
is a contentious issue that may be delaying its adoption.
Physical control of the Private Cloud
equipment is more secure than having the equipment off site and under someone
else’s control. Physical control and the ability to visually inspect the data
links and access ports is required in order to ensure data links are not
compromised. Issues barring the adoption of cloud computing are due in large
part to the private and public sectors' unease surrounding the external
management of security-based services. It is the very nature of cloud
computing-based services, private or public, that promote external management
of provided services. This delivers great incentive to cloud computing service
providers to prioritize building and maintaining strong management of secure
services. Security issues have been categorised into
sensitive data access, data segregation, privacy, bug exploitation, recovery,
accountability, malicious insiders, management console security, account
control, and multi-tenancy issues. Solutions to various cloud security issues
vary, from cryptography, particularly public key infrastructure (PKI), to use
of multiple cloud providers, standardisation of APIs, and improving virtual
machine support and legal support.
Cloud computing is a technology that uses the
internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Cloud
computing allows consumers and businesses to use applications without
installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet
access. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by
centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth.
A simple example of cloud computing is Yahoo email,
Gmail, or Hotmail etc. You dont need a software or a server to use them. All a
consumer would need is just an internet connection and you can start sending
emails. The server and email management software is all on the cloud (
internet) and is totally managed by the cloud service provider Yahoo , Google
etc. The consumer gets to use the software alone and enjoy the benefits. The
analogy is , 'If you need milk , would you buy a cow ?' All the users or
consumers need is to get the benefits of using the software or hardware of the
computer like sending emails etc. Just to get this benefit (milk) why should a
consumer buy a (cow) software /hardware ?
Cloud computing is broken down into three segments:
"application" "storage" and "connectivity." Each
segment serves a different purpose and offers different products for businesses
and individuals around the world. In June 2011, a study conducted by VersionOne
found that 91% of senior IT professionals actually don't know what cloud
computing is and two-thirds of senior finance professionals are clear by the
concept, highlighting the young nature of the technology. In Sept 2011, an Aberdeen
Group study found that disciplined companies achieved on average at 68%
increase in their IT expense because cloud computing and only a 10% reduction
in data center power costs.
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